Ke lisebelisoa life tse sebelisoang bakeng sa merafo?
Ho na le mefuta e mengata e fapaneng ea lisebelisoa tse sebelisoang merafong, ho latela mofuta oa merafo (sekoti se bulehileng kapa se ka tlas'a lefatše) le mofuta oa merafo e epolloang.
1. Lisebelisoa tsa ho merafo tse bulehileng: Hangata li sebelisetsoa ho cheka liminerale holim'a metsi kapa haufi le tsona. Ka lebaka la sebaka se seholo sa ho sebetsa, lisebelisoa tse kholo le tse sebetsang hantle li ka sebelisoa. Lisebelisoa tse tloaelehileng tsa ho merafo tse bulehileng li kenyelletsa:
Lisebelisoa tsa ho epolla:
Moepolli: E sebelisetsoa ho cheka le ho kenya lejoe la tšepe kapa lefika la lithōle. Ho na le boholo le mefuta e fapaneng ea liepolli, joalo ka liepolli tsa backhoe, liepolli tsa likharafu tsa sefahleho, jj.
Mechini ea ho cheka lebili la libakete e sebelisoa bakeng sa ho cheka ka bongata bo tsoelang pele ha liminerale tse bonolo tse kang lehlabathe la mashala le oli.
Li-dragline li sebelisetsoa ho tlosa moroalo o feteletseng (ho hlobola) le ho cheka mesaletsa e sa tebang ea liminerale.
Lisebelisoa tsa lipalangoang:
Literaka tsa merafo li sebelisoa ho tsamaisa bongata bo boholo ba lirafshoa kapa mafika a litšila ho tloha sebakeng seo ho ntšoang ho sona ho ea fekthering e silang, polokelong ea lintho tse bolokiloeng kapa thotobolong ea mafika a litšila. Literaka tsena hangata li kholo haholo 'me li khona ho jara lithane tse makholo tsa thepa.
Li-conveyor tsa lebanta li sebelisoa ho tsamaisa lirafshoa kapa majoe a litšila khafetsa libakeng tse telele, haholo-holo libakeng tse nang le sebaka se bonolo.
Mechini ea phetisetso e sebelisoa ho bokella le ho khutlisa thepa e ngata.
Lisebelisoa tsa ho sila le ho hlahloba:
Sesepa sa ho sila: Se sebelisetsoa ho roba manya a merafo a merafong ka boholo bo bonyenyane bakeng sa ho tsamaisoa habonolo le ho sebetsoa ka mor'a moo.
Mochini oa ho hlahloba: o sebelisetsoa ho arola lejoe le pshatlehileng ho latela boholo.
Lisebelisoa tsa ho cheka le ho phatloha:
Mechini ea ho phunya le ea ho phunya ka har'a lesoba: e sebelisetsoa ho phunya masoba lefikeng bakeng sa ho kenya liqhomane bakeng sa ho phatloha.
Lisebelisoa le lisebelisoa tse phatlohang: tse sebelisetsoang ho roba lefika le thata.
Lisebelisoa tse thusang:
Bulldozer: E sebelisetsoa ho batalatsa sebaka, ho hlwekisa ditsela le ho bokella thepa.
Sekereteri sa motlakase: se sebelisetsoa ho hlokomela le ho haha litsela tsa merafo.
Sefafatsi: Se sebelisetsoa ho thibela lerōle.
2. Lisebelisoa tsa ho merafo ka tlas'a lefatše li sebelisetsoa ho cheka liminerale tse patiloeng ka botebo, e leng se hlokang litselana le lithanele ho kena 'meleng oa lejoe. Ka lebaka la meeli ea sebaka, lisebelisoa tsa ho merafo ka tlas'a lefatše hangata li nyane ebile li tenyetseha ho feta lisebelisoa tsa ho merafo ka mekoti e bulehileng. Lisebelisoa tse tloaelehileng tsa ho merafo ka tlas'a lefatše li kenyelletsa:
Lisebelisoa tsa ho epolla:
Li-Roadheader: Li sebelisetsoa ho cheka litsela le lithanele ka mechine, haholo-holo merafong ea mashala le ea majoe a bonolo.
Li-drill rig: Li na le matsoho a mangata a ho drill, a sebelisetsoang ho phunya masoba lefikeng le thata bakeng sa ho phatloha.
Rig ea ho Cheka e Rotary: E sebelisetsoa ho cheka li-shaft tse kholo tse otlolohileng le chute.
Lisebelisoa tsa Merafo:
Moepo o sa khaotseng: O sebelisoa haholo-holo merafong ea kamore le litšiea merafong ea mashala, moo moru oa mashala o hohloang ka meropa e potolohang.
Mochini oa ho kuta mabala a malelele: o sebelisoang merafong ea mabala a malelele ho seha mashala leboteng le lelelele la mashala.
Sekere: Se sebelisetsoa ho kenya le ho tsamaisa majwe a bohlokwa kapa lefika le senyehileng, ka bokgoni bo botle ba ho tsamaisa dintho tse patisaneng.
Literaka tsa merafo: Li sebelisoa ho tsamaisa bongata bo boholo ba lirafshoa kapa majoe a litšila ka tlas'a lefatše.
Sehokelo sa ho hula: se sebelisetsoa ho tsamaisa mashala sefahlehong se sebetsang leboteng le lelele.
Setsamaisi sa lebanta: se sebelisetsoa ho tsamaisa lirafshoa kapa majoe a litšila libakeng tse telele.
Tlhahiso ea merafo ke ts'ebetso e felletseng e kopanyang lipatlisiso, ho phatloha, ho sila, ho kenya thepa, ho tsamaisa, ho hlahloba, ho bokella le ts'ehetso ea polokeho. Khokahano ka 'ngoe e hloka ts'ebetso e hokahaneng ea lisebelisoa tse ngata tsa profeshenale ho fihlela ho khutlisoa ha mehloli ea liminerale ka katleho le ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng.
Re hlomella likoloi tsa merafo ka lirimi tsa profeshenale. HYWG ke moqapi le moetsi oa mabili a kantle ho tsela oa Chaena, 'me ke setsebi se etellang pele lefatšeng ka bophara ho etseng le ho hlahiseng likarolo tsa rim. Lihlahisoa tsohle li entsoe le ho hlahisoa ho latela maemo a boleng bo holimo.
Re na le sehlopha sa lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele se entsoeng ka baenjiniere ba baholo le litsebi tsa tekheniki, se shebaneng le lipatlisiso le ts'ebeliso ea mahlale a macha, le ho boloka boemo bo etellang pele indastering. Re thehile sistimi e felletseng ea litšebeletso tsa kamora thekiso ho fana ka tšehetso ea tekheniki e nakong le e sebetsang hantle le tlhokomelo ea kamora thekiso ho netefatsa hore bareki ba na le boiphihlelo bo boreleli nakong ea ts'ebeliso. Re na le boiphihlelo ba lilemo tse fetang 20 tlhahisong ea mabili. Re na le boiphihlelo bo bongata haholo tlhahisong le tlhahisong ea mabili a merafo.
Re fana ka mefuta e mengata ea mabili bakeng sa Volvo, Caterpillar, Liebherr, John Deere, Huddig le lihlahisoa tse ling tse tsebahalang.
Ke hobane'ng ha likoloi tsa merafo li hloka mabili a khethehileng?
Likoloi tsa merafo li tlameha ho hlomelloa ka mabili a entsoeng ka mokhoa o ikhethileng (ho kenyeletsoa le mabili le lirimi) ka mabaka a 'maloa:
1. Ho sebetsana le maemo a feteletseng a mosebetsi
Bokgoni bo matla ba ho jara moroalo o boima: Lejwe le tsamaiswang ke dikoloi tsa merafo le teteaneng haholo mme le boima, mme mabili a hloka ho mamella meroalo ya ditone tse mashome kapa esita le tse makgolo.
Maemo a thata a mobu: Libaka tsa merafo hangata li tsamaea le libaka tse rarahaneng tse kang mafika a bohale, seretse, lerōle, likoti, jj., tse behang tlhoko e kholo ho khanyetso ea ho tsofala le khanyetso ea ho phunyeha ha mabili.
Ho ikamahanya le maemo a leholimo a feteletseng: Libaka tse ling tsa merafo li na le mocheso o phahameng, mocheso o tlase kapa mongobo o phahameng, 'me mabili a tloaelehileng a kotsing ea ho tsofala kapa ho hloleha.
2. Ntlafatsa tshireletso le botsitso
Matlafatso e khethehileng ea sebopeho sa mabili (joalo ka sebopeho sa radial sa tšepe eohle) e ka thibela likotsi tse kang ho phatloha ha mabili le ho phethoha ha mabili ka katleho.
Ha e kopantsoe le moralo oa mabili a merafo (joalo ka sebopeho sa lesale la polokeho la linotlolo tse 5), e etsa bonnete ba hore thaere ha e thelle tlas'a meroalo e phahameng, ka hona e ntlafatsa polokeho ea ts'ebetso.
3. Eketsa bophelo ba tšebeletso le ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa tlhokomelo
Thepa e matla haholo le setopo se teteaneng li ka mamella ts'ebetso ea nako e telele le ho phutholoha khafetsa.
Moralo o ikgethang wa dipaterone o ka fokotsa ho senyeha ha lere, wa ntlafatsa ho qhalana ha mocheso, wa eketsa potoloho ya ho nkela sebaka le ho fokotsa sekgahla sa ho se sebetse.
4. Ikamahanye le litlhoko tse khethehileng tsa lisebelisoa
Mefuta e fapaneng ea lisebelisoa tsa merafo (joalo ka literaka tse thata tsa ho lahla lithōle, literaka tse kopantsoeng, LHD, likharafu tsa motlakase tse ka tlas'a lefatše, jj.) li na le litlhoko tse ikhethang tse tsamaellanang bakeng sa ho jara mojaro, boholo le sebopeho sa mabili.
Lisebelisoa tse ling, tse kang likoloi tse ka tlas'a lefatše, li hloka mabili a tiileng kapa mabili a sa hlahellang hantle ho lekana litsela tse tlase tsa ho tsamaea.
5. Ntlafatsa bokgoni ba mosebetsi
Moralo oa ho tšoara mabili le fatše (joalo ka lipaterone tse tebileng le meralo e atolositsoeng) o ka ntlafatsa ho tsamaea le ho hokahana le ho fokotsa ho thella le ho ema.
E nolofalletsa likoloi tsa merafo ho boloka lebelo le potlakileng la ho tsamaisoa ha thepa tlas'a mojaro o phahameng, ka hona e eketsa palo ea tlhahiso ea tšepe ka nako ea yuniti.
Khamphani ea rona e ameha haholo masimong a mechini ea boenjiniere, lirimi tsa merafo, lirimi tsa forklift, lirimi tsa indasteri, lirimi tsa temo, likarolo tse ling tsa rim le mabili.
Tse latelang ke boholo bo fapaneng ba lirime tseo k'hamphani ea rona e ka li hlahisang masimong a fapaneng:
- Boholo ba mechini ea boenjiniere:
| 8.00-20 | 7.50-20 | 8.50-20 | 10.00-20 | 14.00-20 | 10.00-24 | 10.00-25 |
| 11.25-25 | 12.00-25 | 13.00-25 | 14.00-25 | 17.00-25 | 19.50-25 | 22.00-25 |
| 24.00-25 | 25.00-25 | 36.00-25 | 24.00-29 | 25.00-29 | 27.00-29 | 13.00-33 |
- Boholo ba moedi wa morafo:
| 22.00-25 | 24.00-25 | 25.00-25 | 36.00-25 | 24.00-29 | 25.00-29 | 27.00-29 |
| 28.00-33 | 16.00-34 | 15.00-35 | 17.00-35 | 19.50-49 | 24.00-51 | 40.00-51 |
| 29.00-57 | 32.00-57 | 41.00-63 | 44.00-63 |
- Boholo ba moedi wa lebili la forklift:
| 3.00-8 | 4.33-8 | 4.00-9 | 6.00-9 | 5.00-10 | 6.50-10 | 5.00-12 |
| 8.00-12 | 4.50-15 | 5.50-15 | 6.50-15 | 7.00-15 | 8.00-15 | 9.75-15 |
| 11.00-15 | 11.25-25 | 13.00-25 | 13.00-33 |
- Litekanyo tsa mophetho oa likoloi tsa indasteri:
| 7.00-20 | 7.50-20 | 8.50-20 | 10.00-20 | 14.00-20 | 10.00-24 | 7.00x12 |
| 7.00x15 | 14x25 | 8.25x16.5 | 9.75x16.5 | 16x17 | 13x15.5 | 9x15.3 |
| 9x18 | 11x18 | 13x24 | 14x24 | DW14x24 | DW15x24 | 16x26 |
| DW25x26 | W14x28 | 15x28 | DW25x28 |
- Boholo ba mabili a mechini ea temo:
| 5.00x16 | 5.5x16 | 6.00-16 | 9x15.3 | 8LBx15 | 10LBx15 | 13x15.5 |
| 8.25x16.5 | 9.75x16.5 | 9x18 | 11x18 | W8x18 | W9x18 | 5.50x20 |
| W7x20 | W11x20 | W10x24 | W12x24 | 15x24 | 18x24 | DW18Lx24 |
| DW16x26 | DW20x26 | W10x28 | 14x28 | DW15x28 | DW25x28 | W14x30 |
| DW16x34 | W10x38 | DW16x38 | W8x42 | DD18Lx42 | DW23Bx42 | W8x44 |
| W13x46 | 10x48 | W12x48 | 15x10 | 16x5.5 | 16x6.0 |
Lihlahisoa tsa rona ke tsa boleng ba lefats'e.
Nako ea poso: Mots'eanong-23-2025