OTR ke khutsufatso ea Off-The-Road, e bolelang "ts'ebeliso ea kantle ho tsela" kapa "tsela e kholo". Lithaere le lisebelisoa tsa OTR li etselitsoe ka ho khetheha libaka tse sa tsamaisoeng litseleng tse tloaelehileng, ho kenyeletsoa merafo, liemahale, libaka tsa kaho, ts'ebetso ea meru, jj. Libaka tsena hangata li na le sebaka se sa lekanang, se bonolo kapa se matsaranka, kahoo lithaere le likoloi tse entsoeng ka mokhoa o ikhethileng lia hlokahala ho sebetsana le tsona.
Libaka tse ka sehloohong tsa ts'ebeliso ea lithaere tsa OTR li kenyelletsa:
1. Merafo le liemahale:
Sebelisa literaka tse kholo tsa merafo, li-loader, li-excavator, jj. ho cheka le ho tsamaisa liminerale le mafika.
2. Kaho le Meralo ea Motheo:
E kenyeletsa li-bulldozer, li-loader, li-roller le lisebelisoa tse ling tse sebelisoang bakeng sa ho tsamaisa mobu le kaho ea meralo ea motheo libakeng tsa kaho.
3. Meru le Temo:
Sebelisa lisebelisoa tse khethehileng tsa meru le literekere tse kholo bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ea ho rema meru le ts'ebetso e kholo ea masimo.
4. Mesebetsi ea indasteri le ea koung:
Sebelisa likereine tse kholo, liforoko, jj. ho tsamaisa meroalo e boima likoung, matlong a polokelo le litsing tse ling tsa indasteri.
Likarolo tsa mabili a OTR:
Bokgoni bo phahameng ba ho jara: E kgona ho jara boima ba disebediswa tse boima le meroalo e felletseng.
E hanela ho tsofala le ho phunya: e loketse ho sebetsana le maemo a thata a kang mafika le lintho tse bohale, 'me e ka hanela ho phunya lintho tse bohale tse kang majoe, likotoana tsa tšepe, jj.
Paterone e tebileng le moralo o khethehileng: E fana ka ho hokahana le botsitso bo botle, e thibela ho thella le ho phethoha, 'me e ikamahanya le mobu o seretse, o bonolo kapa o sa lekanang.
Sebopeho se matla: ho kenyeletsoa le lithaere tse leeme le lithaere tsa radial ho ikamahanya le ts'ebeliso e fapaneng le libaka tsa ts'ebetso, tse khonang ho mamella meroalo e feteletseng le maemo a thata a ts'ebetso.
Mefuta le Boholo bo Fapaneng: E loketse lisebelisoa tse boima tse fapaneng, joalo ka li-loader, li-bulldozer, literaka tsa merafo, jj.
Lirimi tsa OTR (Off-The-Road Rim) li bolela lirimi (lirimi tsa mabili) tse etselitsoeng lithaere tsa OTR ka ho khetheha. Li sebelisetsoa ho tšehetsa le ho lokisa lithaere le ho fana ka tšehetso e hlokahalang ea sebopeho bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse boima tse sebelisoang kantle ho tsela. Lirimi tsa OTR li sebelisoa haholo lisebelisoa tsa merafo, mechini ea kaho, mechini ea temo le likoloi tse ling tse kholo tsa indasteri. Lirimi tsena li tlameha ho ba le matla le ho tšoarella ho lekaneng ho sebetsana le maemo a thata a mosebetsi le maemo a boima a moroalo.
Ka kakaretso, OTR e bolela mefuta e fapaneng ya disebediswa tse ikgethang le dithaere tse etseditsweng ho ntlafatsa bokgoni le polokeho maemong a thata, a kantle ho ditsela tse kgolo. Dithaere tsena di etseditswe ka ho kgetheha ditikoloho tse hlokang mosebetsi mme di fana ka ho tshwarella le tshebetso e ntle haholo.
HYWG ke moqapi le moetsi oa mabili a kantle ho tsela oa Chaena oa Nomoro ea pele, le setsebi se etellang pele lefatšeng ka bophara sa moralo le tlhahiso ea likarolo tsa rim. Lihlahisoa tsohle li entsoe le ho hlahisoa ho latela maemo a boleng bo holimo.
Re na le sehlopha sa lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele se entsoeng ka baenjiniere ba baholo le litsebi tsa tekheniki, se shebaneng le lipatlisiso le ts'ebeliso ea mahlale a macha ho boloka boemo bo etellang pele indastering. Re thehile sistimi e felletseng ea litšebeletso tsa kamora thekiso ho fana ka tšehetso ea tekheniki e nakong le e sebetsang hantle le tlhokomelo ea kamora thekiso ho netefatsa hore bareki ba na le boiphihlelo bo boreleli nakong ea ts'ebeliso. Re na le boiphihlelo ba lilemo tse fetang 20 tlhahisong ea mabili.
Re na le mefuta e mengata ea khoebo ea lirimi tsa indasteri, lirimi tsa likoloi tsa merafo, lirimi tsa forklift, lirimi tsa mechini ea kaho, lirimi tsa temo le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa rimi le mabili.
Re boetse re hlahisa lirimi tse ngata tse fapaneng tšimong ea merafo moo lithaere tsa OTR li sebelisoang haholo. Har'a tsona, lirimi tsa 19.50-49/4.0 tse fanoeng ke k'hamphani ea rona bakeng sa literaka tsa lithōle tsa merafo tsa CAT 777 li ananetsoe ka bonngoe ke bareki. Rimi ea 19.50-49/4.0 ke rimi ea sebopeho sa 5PC ea lithaere tsa TL 'me e sebelisoa hangata literaka tsa lithōle tsa merafo.
Teraka ea lithōle ea Caterpillar CAT 777 ke teraka e tsebahalang ea lithōle tse thata tsa merafo (Rigid Dump Truck), e sebelisoang haholo-holo merafong, ho cheka le mererong e meholo ea ho tsamaisa mobu. Literaka tsa lithōle tsa letoto la CAT 777 li tumme ka lebaka la ho tšoarella ha tsona, bokhoni bo phahameng le litšenyehelo tse tlase tsa ts'ebetso.
Likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa teraka ea lithōle ea CAT 777:
1. Enjene e sebetsang hantle:
CAT 777 e na le enjene ea diesel ea Caterpillar (hangata Cat C32 ACERT™), enjene e matla a pere, e nang le torque e phahameng e fanang ka ts'ebetso e ntle ea matla le bokhoni ba mafura bakeng sa ts'ebetso e tsoelang pele tlas'a maemo a boima ba mojaro.
2. Bokgoni bo boholo ba mojaro:
Moroalo o phahameng ka ho fetisisa oa literaka tsa lithōle tsa CAT 777 hangata o ka ba lithane tse 90 (lithane tse ka bang 98 tse khutšoanyane). Bokhoni bona ba ho jara bo e nolofalletsa ho tsamaisa thepa e ngata ka nako e khutšoanyane le ho ntlafatsa katleho ea mosebetsi.
3. Sebopeho se tiileng sa foreimi:
Moralo oa foreimi ea tšepe e matla le sistimi ea ho fanyeha li netefatsa hore koloi e ka mamella tšebeliso ea nako e telele tlas'a meroalo e boima le libaka tse thata. Foreimi ea eona e thata e fana ka matla a matle a sebopeho le botsitso, e loketse maemo a feteletseng a ts'ebetso merafong le liemahaleng.
4. Sistimi e Tsoetseng Pele ea ho Suspensa:
E hlomelitsoe ka sistimi e tsoetseng pele ea ho emisoa ha hydraulic, e fokotsa ho thella, e ntlafatsa boiketlo ba mosebelisi, 'me e fokotsa tšusumetso ea mojaro ka katleho, e eketsa bophelo ba ts'ebeletso ea koloi le likarolo tsa eona.
5. Sistimi e sebetsang hantle ea ho brake:
Brake ea diski e pholisitsoeng ka oli (brake ea li-disc tse ngata tse qoelitsoeng ka oli) e fana ka ts'ebetso e tšepahalang ea ho brake le bophelo ba ts'ebeletso e telele, 'me e loketse haholo ho sebelisoa maemong a ho theoha kapa a boima ba nako e telele.
6. Tikoloho e sebetsang ea mokhanni e ntlafalitsoeng:
Moralo oa tekesi o shebane le ergonomics, o fanang ka ponahalo e ntle, litulo tse phutholohileng le moralo o bonolo oa taolo. Mofuta oa sejoale-joale oa CAT 777 o boetse o na le lipontšo tse tsoetseng pele le litsamaiso tsa taolo ea likoloi, tse lumellang basebetsi ho lekola boemo le ts'ebetso ea koloi habonolo.
7. Kopanyo ea Theknoloji e Tsoetseng Pele:
Teraka ea lithōle ea moloko o mocha oa Cat 777 e hlomelitsoe ka mefuta e fapaneng ea mahlale a tsoetseng pele joalo ka Sistimi ea Tlhokomelo ea Bophelo ba Likoloi (VIMS™), sistimi ea ho tlotsa e iketsang, ho latela GPS le tšehetso ea ts'ebetso ea hole ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso e ntle le taolo ea tlhokomelo.
Teraka ea lithōle tsa merafo e sebetsa joang?
Molao-motheo oa ts'ebetso ea teraka ea lithōle tsa merafo o kenyelletsa haholo-holo ts'ebetso e hokahaneng ea sistimi ea motlakase ea koloi, sistimi ea phetisetso, sistimi ea li-brake le sistimi ea haeteroliki, 'me e sebelisoa ho tsamaisa le ho lahla thepa e ngata (joalo ka oli, mashala, lehlabathe le lehlohlojane, jj.) merafong, liemahaleng le mererong e meholo ea ho sisinya mobu. Tse latelang ke likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa molao-motheo oa ts'ebetso ea teraka ea lithōle tsa merafo:
1. Sistimi ea motlakase:
Enjene: Literaka tsa ho lahla lithōle tsa merafo hangata li na le lienjene tsa diesel tse matla haholo, tse fanang ka mohloli o ka sehloohong oa motlakase oa koloi. Enjene e fetola matla a mocheso a hlahisoang ke diesel e tukang hore e be matla a mechini 'me e khanna sistimi ea phetisetso ea koloi ka har'a crankshaft.
2. Sistimi ea phetisetso:
Lebokose la gear (phetisetso): Lebokose la gear le fetisetsa matla a enjene ho ea axle ka har'a sete ea gear, e lokisa kamano pakeng tsa lebelo la enjene le lebelo la koloi. Literaka tsa lithōle tsa merafo hangata li hlomelloa ka li-gear tsa gear tse iketsang kapa tse sa itšetleheng ka ho iketsa ho ikamahanya le maemo a fapaneng a lebelo le mojaro.
Shaft ea ho khanna le phapang: Shaft ea ho khanna e fetisetsa matla ho tloha lebokoseng la gear ho ea karolong e ka morao, 'me phapang e karolong e ka morao e aba matla mabiling a ka morao ho netefatsa hore mabili a ka letsohong le letšehali le a letona a ka potoloha ka boikemelo ha a reteleha kapa a le mobung o sa lekanang.
3. Sistimi ea ho emisa:
Sesebelisoa sa ho fanyeha: Literaka tsa ho tjheka dithapo tsa merafo hangata di sebedisa ditsamaiso tsa ho fanyeha ka metsi kapa ditsamaiso tsa ho fanyeha ka moya, tse ka monyang tshusumetso ka katleho nakong ya ho kganna le ho ntlafatsa botsitso ba ho kganna ha koloi sebakeng se sa lekanang le boiketlo ba mosebedisi.
4. Sistimi ea ho brake:
Brake ea tšebeletso le brake ea maemo a tšohanyetso: Literaka tsa ho lahla lithōle tsa merafo li na le sistimi e matla ea brake, ho kenyeletsoa li-brake tsa hydraulic kapa li-brake tsa pneumatic, le li-brake tse pholisitsoeng ka oli tse nang le li-disc tse ngata ho fana ka matla a tšepahalang a brake. Sistimi ea brake ea maemo a tšohanyetso e netefatsa hore koloi e ka ema kapele maemong a tšohanyetso.
Ho thiba ho thusang (ho thiba ka enjene, ho retarder): ho sebediswa ha o kganna o theohela tlase nako e telele, ho fokotsa ho tsofala ha disk ya brake ka ho thiba ka enjene kapa ho retarder ya hydraulic, ho qoba ho chesa haholo, mme ho eketsa polokeho.
5. Sistimi ea ho tsamaisa:
Sistimi ea ho tsamaisa ea haeteroliki: Literaka tsa ho lahla lithōle tsa merafo hangata li sebelisa sistimi ea ho tsamaisa ea matla a haeteroliki, e tsamaisoang ke pompo ea haeteroliki 'me silindara ea ho tsamaisa e laola ho tsamaisa ha lebili le ka pele. Sistimi ea ho tsamaisa ea haeteroliki e ka boloka ts'ebetso ea ho tsamaisa e boreleli le e bobebe ha koloi e jarisitsoe haholo.
6. Sistimi ea haeteroliki:
Sistimi ea ho phahamisa: Lebokose la thepa la teraka ea lithōle tsa merafo le phahamisoa ke silindara ea hydraulic ho fihlela ts'ebetso ea ho lahla lithōle. Pompo ea hydraulic e fana ka oli ea hydraulic e nang le khatello e phahameng ho sutumelletsa silindara ea hydraulic ho phahamisa lebokose la thepa ka lehlakoreng le itseng, e le hore thepa e jarollotsoeng e thelle ka ntle ho lebokose la thepa tlas'a tšusumetso ea matla a khoheli.
7. Sistimi ea taolo ea ho khanna:
Sebopeho sa motho le mochini (HMI): Khekhe e na le disebediswa tse fapaneng tsa ho sebetsa le ho beha leihlo, tse kang setering wheel, accelerator pedal, brake pedal, gear lever le di-instrument phanele. Literaka tsa sejwalejwale tsa merafo ya merafo le tsona di kopanya ditsamaiso tsa taolo ya dijithale le di-screen tsa pontsho ho nolofatsa basebetsi ho beha leihlo boemo ba koloi ka nako ya sebele (jwalo ka mocheso wa enjene, kgatello ya oli, kgatello ya sistimi ya haeteroliki, jj.).
8. Tshebetso ya ho sebetsa:
Boemo bo tloaelehileng ba ho khanna:
1. Ho qala enjene: Mohlanka o qala enjene, e fetisetsang matla mabiling ka sistimi ea phetisetso ebe e qala ho khanna.
2. Ho kganna le ho tsamaisa: Motsamaisi o laola sistimi ya ho tsamaisa ka lebili la ho tsamaisa ho fetola lebelo le tataiso ya koloi e le hore koloi e ka fallela sebakeng seo ho jariswang ho sona ka hara sebaka sa morafo kapa sebakeng sa kaho.
Mokhahlelo oa ho kenya le ho tsamaisa:
3. Thepa ea ho kenya: Hangata, li-epillare, li-loader kapa lisebelisoa tse ling tsa ho kenya li kenya thepa (joalo ka oli, mobu, jj.) ka lebokoseng la thepa la teraka ea lithōle tsa merafo.
4. Lipalangoang: Ka mora hore teraka ea lithōle e tlale thepa ka botlalo, mokhanni o laola koloi ho ea sebakeng seo e tla lahleloa thepa ho sona. Nakong ea lipalangoang, koloi e sebelisa sistimi ea eona ea ho emisa le mabili a maholo ho monya ho se tsitse ha mobu ho netefatsa hore e khanna ka botsitso.
Mokhahlelo oa ho tlosa:
5. Ho fihla sebakeng sa ho laolla thepa: Ka mora ho fihla sebakeng sa ho laolla thepa, mosebedisi o fetohela ho mokgwa wa ho se nke lehlakore kapa wa ho paka.
6. Phahamisa lebokose la thepa: Mohlanka o qala sistimi ea haeteroliki mme o tsamaisa lever ea taolo ea haeteroliki. Silindara ea haeteroliki e sutumelletsa lebokose la thepa ka lehlakoreng le itseng.
7. Thepa ea ho laolla thepa: Thepa e thellela ka bo eona ka lebokoseng la thepa tlas'a tšusumetso ea matla a khoheli, e phethela ts'ebetso ea ho laolla thepa.
Khutlela sebakeng sa ho hloma:
8. Theola lebokose la thepa: Motsamaisi o kgutlisa lebokose la thepa sebakeng sa lona sa kamehla, o netefatsa hore le notletswe ka thata, ebe koloi e kgutlela sebakeng sa ho jarisa ho itokisetsa ho palamiswa ho latelang.
9. Ts'ebetso e bohlale le e iketsang:
Literaka tsa sejoale-joale tsa lithōle tsa merafo li ntse li hlomelloa ka likarolo tse bohlale le tse iketsang, tse kang litsamaiso tsa ho khanna tse ikemetseng, ts'ebetso e hole, le litsamaiso tsa ho beha leihlo bophelo bo botle ba likoloi (VIMS), ho ntlafatsa katleho ea mosebetsi le polokeho le ho fokotsa kotsi ea liphoso tsa ts'ebetso ea batho.
Mekhoa ena le melao-motheo ea ts'ebetso ea literaka tsa lithōle tsa merafo lia tlatsana ho netefatsa hore li ka etsa mesebetsi ea ho tsamaisa thepa e boima ka katleho le ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng libakeng tse thata.
Tse latelang ke boholo bo fapaneng ba lirime tseo k'hamphani ea rona e ka li hlahisang masimong a fapaneng:
Boholo ba mechini ea boenjiniere:
| 8.00-20 | 7.50-20 | 8.50-20 | 10.00-20 | 14.00-20 | 10.00-24 | 10.00-25 |
| 11.25-25 | 12.00-25 | 13.00-25 | 14.00-25 | 17.00-25 | 19.50-25 | 22.00-25 |
| 24.00-25 | 25.00-25 | 36.00-25 | 24.00-29 | 25.00-29 | 27.00-29 | 13.00-33 |
Boholo ba moedi wa morafo:
| 22.00-25 | 24.00-25 | 25.00-25 | 36.00-25 | 24.00-29 | 25.00-29 | 27.00-29 |
| 28.00-33 | 16.00-34 | 15.00-35 | 17.00-35 | 19.50-49 | 24.00-51 | 40.00-51 |
| 29.00-57 | 32.00-57 | 41.00-63 | 44.00-63 |
Boholo ba moedi wa lebili la forklift:
| 3.00-8 | 4.33-8 | 4.00-9 | 6.00-9 | 5.00-10 | 6.50-10 | 5.00-12 |
| 8.00-12 | 4.50-15 | 5.50-15 | 6.50-15 | 7.00-15 | 8.00-15 | 9.75-15 |
| 11.00-15 | 11.25-25 | 13.00-25 | 13.00-33 |
Litekanyo tsa mophetho oa likoloi tsa indasteri:
| 7.00-20 | 7.50-20 | 8.50-20 | 10.00-20 | 14.00-20 | 10.00-24 | 7.00x12 |
| 7.00x15 | 14x25 | 8.25x16.5 | 9.75x16.5 | 16x17 | 13x15.5 | 9x15.3 |
| 9x18 | 11x18 | 13x24 | 14x24 | DW14x24 | DW15x24 | 16x26 |
| DW25x26 | W14x28 | 15x28 | DW25x28 |
Boholo ba mabili a mechini ea temo:
| 5.00x16 | 5.5x16 | 6.00-16 | 9x15.3 | 8LBx15 | 10LBx15 | 13x15.5 |
| 8.25x16.5 | 9.75x16.5 | 9x18 | 11x18 | W8x18 | W9x18 | 5.50x20 |
| W7x20 | W11x20 | W10x24 | W12x24 | 15x24 | 18x24 | DW18Lx24 |
| DW16x26 | DW20x26 | W10x28 | 14x28 | DW15x28 | DW25x28 | W14x30 |
| DW16x34 | W10x38 | DW16x38 | W8x42 | DD18Lx42 | DW23Bx42 | W8x44 |
| W13x46 | 10x48 | W12x48 | 15x10 | 16x5.5 | 16x6.0 |
Lihlahisoa tsa rona ke tsa boleng ba lefats'e.
Nako ea poso: Loetse-09-2024